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| inflation_rate = 2.3% | inflation_source_date = ''(The World Factbook )'', 2006 est. | subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100 | subunit_name_1 = øre | symbol = kr | plural = kroner | plural_subunit_1 = øre | used_coins = 1, 5, 10, 20 kr | coin_article = Coins of the Norwegian krone | used_banknotes = |frequently_used_banknotes = 50 kr, 100 kr, 200 kr, 500 kr |rarely_used_banknotes = 1000 kr | banknote_article = Banknotes of the Norwegian krone | issuing_authority = Norges Bank | issuing_authority_website = }} The krone (:ˈkɾuːnə) (sign: kr; code: NOK), plural ''kroner'', is the currency of Norway and its dependent territories. It is subdivided into 100 ''øre'', which exist only electronically since 2012. The name translates into English as ''crown''. The krone was the thirteenth most traded currency in the world by value in April 2010, down three positions from 2007.〔(Bank for International Settlements: Triennial Central Bank Survey ) p. 12〕 == History == The krone was introduced in 1875, replacing the Norwegian speciedaler/spesidaler at a rate of 4 kroner = 1 speciedaler. In doing so, Norway joined the Scandinavian Monetary Union, which had been established in 1873. The Union persisted until 1914. After its dissolution, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden all decided to keep the names of their respective and since then separate currencies. Within the Scandinavian Monetary Union, the krone was on a gold standard of 2,480 kroner = 1 kilogram of pure gold (1 krone = 403.226 milligrams gold). This gold standard was restored between 1916 and 1920 and again in 1928. It was suspended permanently in 1931, when a peg to the British pound of 19.9 kroner = 1 pound was established. (The previous rate had been 18.16 kroner = 1 pound). In 1939, Norway pegged the krone temporarily to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 4.4 kroner = 1 dollar. Nonetheless, Norway would continue to hold the Kingdom's gold reserves. During the German occupation (1940–1945) in the Second World War, the krone was initially pegged to the Reichsmark at a rate of 1 krone = 0.6 Reichsmark, later reduced to 0.57. After the war, a rate of 20 kroner = 1 pound (4.963 kroner = 1 U.S. dollar) was established. The rate to the pound was maintained in 1949, when the pound devalued relative to the U.S. dollar, leading to a rate of 7.142 kroner = 1 U.S. dollar. In December 1992, the Central Bank of Norway abandoned the fixed exchange rate in favor of a floating exchange rate (managed float) due to the heavy speculation against the Norwegian currency in the early 1990s, which lost the central bank around two billion kroner in defensive purchases of the NOK through usage of foreign currency reserves for a relatively short period of time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Norwegian krone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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